Resumo A utilização da cultura sem solo no cultivo de plantas ornamentais vem se difundindo, principalmente na produção de flores de corte. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar um breve resumo das descobertas padrão e novas obtidas com o uso de técnicas de cultivo sem solo no cultivo de plantas ornamentais, com base em uma revisão detalhada da literatura. Nas pesquisas alcançadas para esta revisão, Calendula officinalis L., Matthiola incana L., Pelargonium zonale L., Petunia x hybrita L., Pinus pinea, Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens, Sternbergia lutea, Galanthus elwesii Hook, Lilium candidum, Limonium sinuatum, Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthus russellianus) e Tulipa gesneriana foram avaliadas como material vegetal. Nas pesquisas avaliadas, diferentes espécies de plantas ornamentais, técnicas de cultivo sem solo e substratos de cultivo sem solo foram examinados e resultados importantes foram obtidos. Além disso, nas condições de vida em mudança com o COVID-19, as pessoas cultivaram plantas em seus jardins, varandas, terraços e até em salas de estar usando sistemas hidropônicos simples. Assim, fizeram as práticas mais simples da cultura sem solo e até a trouxeram para dentro de suas casas. Pode-se prever que o uso comercial e científico de sistemas de cultivo hidropônico em plantas ornamentais continuará e aumentará rapidamente.

Abstract The use of soilless culture in the cultivation of ornamental plants is becoming widespread, especially in the production of cut flowers. The aim of this review is to present a brief summary of both standard and new findings obtained from using soilless culture techniques in ornamental plant cultivation, based on a detailed literature review. In the researches reached for this review, Calendula officinalis L., Matthiola incana L., Pelargonium zonale L., Petunia x hybrita L., Pinus pinea, Cupressus arizonica, C. sempervirens, Sternbergia lutea, Galanthus elwesii Hook, Lilium candidum, Limonium sinuatum, Eustoma grandiflorum (Lisianthusrussellianus) and Tulipa gesneriana species were evaluated as plant material. In the researches evaluated, different ornamental plant species, soilless culture techniques and substrates of soilless culture were examined and important results were obtained. Moreover, in the changing living conditions with COVID-19, people have grown plants in their gardens, balconies, terraces and even living rooms using simple hydroponic systems. Thus, they made the simplest practices of soilless culture and even brought it into their homes. It can be foreseen that the commercial and scientific use of hydroponic culture systems in ornamental plants will continue and rapidly increase.

Resumo As plantas ornamentais são utilizadas para melhorar a qualidade estética de paisagens urbanas e rurais, áreas de lazer, paisagens interiores e locais comerciais. Quaisquer efeitos negativos dos sais no crescimento das plantas ornamentais devem ser levados em consideração principalmente por suas influências negativas no valor estético das plantas ornamentais. A pesquisa foi conduzida para determinar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de nitrato de cálcio em alguns parâmetros de estresse (ou seja, teor de água relativo à folha, clorofila, condutância estomática, perda iônica nos tecidos da folha) e alguns parâmetros de crescimento da planta (número total de folhas, número de folhas secas folha, diâmetro principal do caule, diâmetro da copa da planta, altura da planta, massa fresca e seca da raiz) de planta de couve ornamental (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) cultivada em condições salinas. Quatro doses de NaCl (NaCl1: 30, NaCl2: 60, NaCl3: 90, NaCl4: 120 mM), três doses de Ca(NO3)2 (CaN1: 5, CaN2: 10, CaN3: 15 mM), grupos combinados em todas as doses de NaCl e Ca(NO3)2 e controle (NaCl0: 0 + CaN0: 0) foram aplicadas nos vasos com três repetições. O Ca(NO3)2 foi aplicado na superfície foliar das plantas nos vasos a serem aplicados como spray de Ca(NO3)2. Quando as plantas atingiram uma certa maturidade (duas semanas após a transferência para o vaso), as aplicações de estresse salino foram iniciadas. Tratamentos de Ca(NO3)2 foram aplicados após uma semana das aplicações de estresse salino. Tratamentos com nitrato de cálcio aplicados sob condições de estresse salino tiveram efeitos positivos e crescentes em efeito em todos os parâmetros examinados, exceto para clorofila e perda iônica nos tecidos foliares da planta. Com o aumento da concentração de nitrato de cálcio, as características morfológicas e fisiológicas das plantas foram observadas aumentos em geral. Concluiu-se que o aumento do número de folhas pela aplicação de NaCl2 + CaN3 pode ser minimizado com estresse de CaN3 (com 15 mM Ca(NO3)2) causado pela concentração de sal 60 mM. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, aplicações de nitrato de cálcio podem ser recomendado para plantas ornamentais de couve cultivadas em condições de estresse salino, especialmente para limitar os efeitos negativos do estresse e minimizar tais danos.

Abstract Ornamental plants are used to improve the aestheticquality of urban and rural landscapes, recreational areas, interiorscapes and commercial sites. Any negative effects of salts on ornamental plant growth have to be taken into consideration mainly for their negative influences on aesthetic value of ornamental plants. The research was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of calcium nitrate on some stress parameters (i.e. leaf relative water content, chlorophyll, stomatal conductance, ion leakage in the leaf tissues) and some plant growth parameters (total leaf number, number of dried leaf, main stem diameter, plant crown diameter, plant height, fresh and dry weight of root) of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) plant grown under saline conditions. Four doses of NaCl (NaCl1:30, NaCl2:60, NaCl3:90, NaCl4:120 mM), three doses of Ca(NO3)2 (CaN1:5, CaN2:10, CaN3:15 mM), groups combined together in all doses of NaCl and Ca (NO3)2 and control (NaCl0:0 + CaN0:0) were applied into the pots with three replications. Ca (NO3)2 was applied to the leaf surface of the plants in the pots to be applied as Ca (NO3)2 spray. When the plants reached a certain maturity (two weeks after transfer to the pot), salt stress applications were started. Ca (NO3)2 treatments have applied after one week from salt stress applications. Calcium nitrate treatements applied under salt stress conditions had positive effects and increasing in effect on all parameters examined except for chlorophyll and ion leakage in leaf tissues of the plant. With increasing in calcium nitrate concentration, morphological and physiological characteristics of plants were observed increases in general. It was concluded that the increase of the number of leaves by NaCl2+CaN3 application can be minimized with CaN3 (with 15 mM Ca (NO3)2) stress caused by 60 mM salt concentration According to the results of the research, calcium nitrate applications can be recommended for ornamental kale plants grown under salt stress conditions especially limiting the negative effects of stress and to minimize such damage.

Abstract The use of environmental and sustainable ornamental flower production practices with renewable resources has drawn worldwide interest. One of these renewable resources is vermicompost (earthworm castings). In recent years, increasing demand for improving environmental quality have focused on the importance of Plant Growth Promotion Bacteria (PGPBs) in agriculture. Vermicomposts also help microbial agents function effectively in soil. In this study, a total of six treatments [A: PGPB formulation, B: Not autoclaved vermicompost, C: Autoclaved vermicompost, D: Not autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, E: Autoclaved vermicompost+PGPBs, F: Control (untreated bacteria and vermicompost)] were tested for their effects on the plant growth and development parameters in gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L. ‘Red Beauty’) in greenhouse condition. Vermicompost was added to the related pots by dissolving in water. After the addition of vermicompost, PGPB formulation was given immediately to related pots. All the treatments were applied to soil once in three leaf stage, close to the plant root zone. Parameters in terms of yield and quality attributes of plant and corm were determined and analyzed. The treatment A increased in plant height of gladiolus of 24.55% rate. The earliest times to flowering was determined in E application (100.48 day), which also increased in corm diameter with rate of 17.41% and number of corms and cormels with rate of 151.83% according to F application. Results indicated that the treatment E promoted overall better performance as compared to other treatments diameter of flowers for number of leaves per plant, number of florets per spike, stem diameter, spike length, fresh and dry weight of flowers, the number and diameter of corm. Autoclaved vermicompost can be good choice in gladiolus cultivation but it should be enriched with PGPB.